The Second Chance: Memaksimalkan Kontribusi Kekayaan Mineral untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan ini semula merupakan disertasi Rezki Syahrir pada program doktoral di University of Exeter, UK. Selain telah dialihbasakan, buku ini juga telah ditransformasikan dari produk akademik yang cenderung berat ke dalam bahasa yang lebih ringan dan mudah dicerna bagi pembaca umum.

Penulis menjelajahi medan kajian pertambangan yang demikian luas, dari pertambangan timah (Pulau) Singkep, yang dieksplorasi semenjak pertengahan abad ke-19; lima daerah pertambangan utama nasional kontemporer (Muara Enim, Kutai, Kolaka, Luwu Timur; dan Mimika Papua), hingga contoh “kegagalan” pengelolaan beberapa pertambangan di luar negeri.

Dari kajian yang telah dilakukan, semakin kuat anggapan bahwa kekayaan mineral –baik nasional maupun sub nasional, melahirkan dua turunan berupa ancaman dan peluang bagi sebuah negara. Apakah konsep tentang pertambangan berkelanjutan hanya sebatas utopia? Ataukah kekayaan mineral dapat dikelola sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi maksimal terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan dan pada saat yang sama memperbaiki lingkungan dan sosial?

Penulis juga memperkenalkan idiom the paradox of the mineral wealth contribution, kontradiksi yang dihadapi ketika negara terus meningkatkan kontribusi kekayaan mineralnya namun berubah menjadi ketergantungan yang berlebihan sehingga mengancam pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Karena itulah ia memperkenalkan “sustainability resource governance” atau tata kelola sumber daya yang berkelanjutan, syarat melepas diri dari jebakan kontribusi kekayaan mineral ini. Caranya? Sila membaca buku ini. Penulis akan mengajak kita untuk mengetahui cara menguatkan tata kelola serta kerangka kebijakan yang baik dan cara membangun kelembagaan yang kuat –termasuk di dalamnya, seberapa mampu lembaga lokal mendukung supremasi hukum, memerangi korupsi, dan membangun akuntabilitas dan transparansi dalam tata kelola sumber daya.

Mining, like farming, is a fundamental human activity. Since the Stone Age, in fact, humans have used materials from the Earth. Over time, our knowledge of earth materials and applications of materials science has increased exponentially. Today, most of the elements in the Periodic Table are used in manufacturing some form of technology: 44 elements to make a computer chip, twothirds of the Periodic Table in a smartphone and so on. Together with this greater diversity of raw materials has come an increase in the amount of raw materials that we need. This is also rising exponentially in response to population increase, rising standards of living and the need to move from fossil fuels to metals-intensive low-carbon energy production to combat climate change.

This brings the imperative to mine and to get better at mining. Not just with the technologies to produce more, and more efficiently, but also with technologies, protocols and governance to lower environmental impacts, and get the socioeconomic relationships right. Raw materials taken out of the ground are an essential form of natural capital. As they leave their source, very likely at the start of a global journey, they need to be exchanged for more than just money; the swap needs to foster strong, sustainable development. This means exchanging the natural capital for investment in human and infrastructure capital. These investments must be vested in the community from the outset so that at any time, if a mine closes, the assets can be safely maintained and continued.

This is all easy to say and rather more difficult to do. This book presents a compelling narrative that transcends the rhetoric and delves into the pragmatic challenges of harnessing mineral wealth for sustainable development. The research published here is essential to understanding what happened in the past and how to learn lessons for the future. Understanding this exchange of natural capital for sustainable infrastructure, education, health and welfare benefits and transferable skills was a key finding that, as I have written in the paragraph above, I always use now when discussing the sustainability of mining operations. The problem is a global one and the principles apply globally but solutions need to be tailored carefully to local communities.

Indonesia is one of the World’s most important mining countries, including its supplies of nickel, one of the metals essential for low-carbon technologies, and other critical raw materials such as tin, cobalt, and silica. The critical minerals agenda – regarding the specialist raw materials such as lithium, rare earths, cobalt, nickel and graphite, needed for the energy transition - has brought raw materials to the attention of governments in Europe and North America, countries less engaged with mining in recent times but where consumers and manufacturers are becoming more interested in responsible sourcing of raw materials. The findings shared within these pages hold the potential to drive substantial change. As initiatives emerge to bolster the sustainability of mining operations, Indonesia and other nations can realise the maximum benefits from their natural resources. If the findings published here are turned into solid initiatives to improve the sustainability of mining operations, they will help Indonesia and other countries to benefit to the maximum extent from its natural resources.

There are various other initiatives taking the global mining industry in the right direction. Examples are the Global Battery Alliance international collective of companies from across the battery supply chain, the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance mine site accreditation scheme, and the UN Resource Management System with twelve principles to help ensure sustainable development from use of natural resources. All do different things and none replace the need for strong national governance of mining and mineral operations, including considering value addition in-country. This book complements various global initiatives by offering comprehensive insights and fostering the indispensable dialogue surrounding strong national governance and in-country value addition.

In closing, this book underscores the significance of enhancing materials stewardship, advocating for the efficient use, reuse, and recycling of our mined resources to improve sustainability. Unlike fossil fuels that are consumed and disappear, metals, when properly managed, can be reused and recycled, generating benefits far beyond their initial extraction. “The Second Chance” is a mustread for anyone committed to shaping a more sustainable and prosperous future through responsible and sustainable resource management.



Cornwall, UK, 2 October 2023
PROF FRANCES WALL
Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, UK

Sampul Depan
Identitas Buku
Daftar Isi
Daftar Gambar
Daftar Tabel
Kata Pengantar
Prakata
Bagian Pertama - Mineral dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
     01 - Mineral dan Manfaat Bagi Kehidupan Sehari-Hari
     02 - Kontribusi Sektor Mineral dan Masyarakat Lokal
     03 - Sejarah dan Definisi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
     04 - Masa Depan Mineral dan Pertambangan Berkelanjutan
     05 - Aspek Sosial dan Keberlanjutan
     06 - Kontribusi dan Keberlanjutan Ekonomi
     07 - Tata Kelola Pertambangan & Mineral
     08 - Tantangan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Sektor Pertambangan & Mineral
     09 - Penutupan Tambang dan Perannya dalam Mempertahankan Manfaat Mineral
Bagian Kedua - The Lost Singkep
     10 - Singkep (Bekas) Pulau Timah
     11 - Singkep yang Hilang dan Keberlanjutan Pertambangan di Pulau Singkep 1970 - 2018
     12 - Manfaat Aktivitas Tambang di Pulau Singkep dan Dampak Negatif Jangka Panjang
     13 - Perubahan Sosial-Ekonomi Utama dan Masa Depan Pertambangan di Pulau Singkep
     14 - Mengapa Dampak Positifnya Tidak Berkelanjutan Sedangkan Dampak Negatifnya Tetap Ada?
     15 - Pulau Singkep Kini Menjadi Kota Mati?
Bagian Ketiga - Pelajaran dari Negara Lain
     16 - Blyvooruitzicht, Afrika Selatan (Tambang Emas 1942 - 2013)
     17 - Tianfu, China (Tambang Batu Bara … - 2001)
     18 - Nauru (Tambang Fosfat 1900-2000)
     19 - Mempertahankan Manfaat Pasca-Penutupan Tambang: Sussex, Canada (Tambang Potas 1983-2016)
     20 - Permasalahan Kolektif dari Komunitas Pertambangan yang Rentan
     21 - Strategi Mitigasi: Solusi untuk Komunitas Pertambangan yang Rentan
     22 - Penutupan Mendadak dan Kerangka Pikir dalam Skema Pertambangan Berkelanjutan
Bagian Keempat - Masa Depan Pertambangan: Kesempatan Kedua Pertambangan di Indonesia
     23 - Perekonomian Regional dan Ketergantungan terhadap Sumber Daya
     24 - Memperpanjang Kontribusi Pertambangan, Mungkinkah?
     25 - Mempertahankan Pertumbuhan Jangka Panjang: Tata Kelola Sumber Daya yang Berkelanjutan
Penutup
Daftar Pustaka
Tentang Penulis
Sampul Belakang