The sources of the Papua conflict are grouped into four sets of issues. First, is the problem of the marginalization of indigenous Papuans, and the discriminatory impacts on them resulting from the economic development of, political conflicts in, and mass migrations to Papua since 1970. To respond to this problem, an affirmative policy of recognition must be developed to empower indigenous Papuans. The second issue is the failure of development, particularly in the fields of education, health, and people's economic empowerment. This requires a new paradigm of development, focused on improving public services for the welfare of indigenous Papuans in the villages. The third main problem is the contradictions that exist between Papuan and Jakartan constructions of political identity and history. This problem can only be settled through dialogue, along the lines of the dialogue that was conducted for Aceh. The fourth issue is accountability for past state violence toward Indonesian citizens in Papua. For this, a road to reconciliation must be cleared, on which courts of human rights and the disclosure of the truth are the means of choice for law and justice to be upheld in Papua, for the victims and their families in particular, and all Indonesian citizens of Papua in general. The above four issues and agendas can be woven together to form a mutually interrelated policy strategy for comprehensive long-term resolution of the Papuan conflict. The atmosphere of Reformasi, and the existence of the accommodative Law No. 21/2001 on Special Autonomy (UU Otsus), a responsive central government, as well as the very large size of Papua's budget, lead the LIPI team to have faith that the problems of Papua can be resolved with justice, peace and dignity

I take this oportunity to offer you some suggestions in regard to this important publication of The Papua Road Map. At first glance, the most important is to have the editors insert a geocultural map of Papua, to provide visual graphics on the dispersion of tribal groups spread out in the high mountainuous areas, tribes that reside mainly in the hinterland and which tribal entities occupy predominantly the coastal regions. Visualizing through geographical terrain is important to ascertain the importance of “place” and “space” of each tribal identities throughout Papua, both in Papua province itself, as well as in West Papua.

The importance of geographical place also defines visions of cultural space among each of the 300-odd tribal and sub-tribal groups throughout Papua, just as the diversity of “the East Javanese” within East Java is defined by the importance of space defining the local features of Surabaya, of Malang, of Modjokerto or of Singosari.

Geographical identity also defines how much inter-connectedness are woven among major tribal groups and how each tribe defines its relative status and standing within the over-arching identity of Papua as a province.

The patterns of interaction through traditional paths, modern roads, availability of electricity and basic public services also define the nature and outcome of constant identity building and resilience. Subsequently, it also defines how each layer of identity interacts and flourishes within the larger framework of Indonesian national identity. Diversity within Papua itself must be nurtured just as nation building and national replenishing have to be constantly invigorated throughout the 33 provinces of Indonesia.

The National Defence Act of 2002 specifically encourages the notion of “the defence of values”, which includes recognition and respect for all manners of cultural impulses emanating from each and every cultural region , however small in terms of size and historical prominence. To this end, I would encourage greater perspectives of viewing Papua diversity more “from the inside-looking upwards” to the national picture, rather than viewing diversity predominantly from the viewpoint of Jakarta “looking down and outward” from the capital city to the provinces. Enrichment of Indonesian-ness from the periphery to the centre is just as important as maintaining the finality of the unitary state (“NKRI harga mati”).

Finally, I congratulate Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia-LIPI and its partner research collaborators in undertaking this policy-oriented research on A Road Map for Papua. Defending Indonesian diversity in no small part depends how we all maintain respect for the indigenous cultural traits of all Papuans in this culturally as well as economically rich province. Cultural defence is an intangible but real force multiplier of our overall doctrinal belief of Sishanrata (Total People’s Defence).

Jakarta, June 2009

Sampul
Table of contents
Foreword: By Minister of Defense of Republic of Indonesia,
Prof Dr Umar Anggara Jenie, Head of Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Acknowledgements
Foreword: Road Map to a New Papua
Lipi foreword
1. Chapter one The Mapping Endeavour: Reading the Papua Conflict
     Introduction
     Sources of the Papua Conflict
     Actors, Roles and Interests
     Otsus and Contemporary Issues
     Conclusion
2. Chapter two Recognition: Empowering Indigenous Papuans
     Introduction
     The Significance of Recognition
     Affirmative Policy
     Indigenous Papuans and Papuan-ness
     The Antagonism of Papuan versus Amber
     The History of Integration without the Indigenous Papuan
     Papuanizing the Bureaucracy
     Accommodating the Symbols of Papua
     Strengthening Human Resources
     Building a New Class of Indigenous Papuan Entrepreneurs
     Papuan Supremacy in Sports
     The Role of Customary Institutions
     Conclusion
3. Chapter three A New Paradigm for Development
     The Concept of Development
     The New Order Period
     The Special Autonomy Period
     Development and Special Autonomy
     Closing Remarks
4. Chapter four The Papua Dialogue: ‘Boiling Stones’
     Why dialogue?
     Exiting the Conflict
     The National Dialogue and Lesson of the Team of 100
     Levels
     Stages
     Representation
     Themes and Issues
     Closing Remarks
5. Chapter five The Road to Reconciliation in Papua: Between Truth Disclosure and Court Evidence
     Introduction
     The Growth of Mutual Trust
     Violence and Impunity
     The Road to Court Evidence
     Truth Disclosure
     Steps towards a Politics of Reconciliation
     Conclusion
Closing Remarks
References
Index
About the Papua Road Map Team