This book intends to offer an alternative lens for regionalism studies in Southeast Asia. Despite of its widely acknowledged status as one of the most successful regionalism, ASEAN still suffers from numerous obstacles. Yet, in the midst of ASEAN uncertain future trajectories, there is only limited consensus on how to approach ASEAN regionalism. Scholars of ASEAN regionalism tend to use ASEAN identity as the main explanation of cooperation among ASEAN member states. However, this approach suffers from limitations. Emphasis on static, traditional, and all-encompassing identity has made issue-specific cooperation and its internal dynamics neglected. The way issue-specific cooperation alters ASEAN architectures also remains understudied. By shifting attentions to issue-specific cooperation, this book attempts to fully grasp the dynamics of 50 years of ASEAN cooperation. Why could ASEAN member states reach consensus in certain issues—ranging from energy, environment, human rights, disaster management, human security, to infectious disease—albeit ASEAN values such as non-interference and informality? How do these practices of cooperation reshape the idea of ASEAN values? Will the changing practice of issue-specific cooperation spillover to the strengthening of ASEAN regionalism?

50 years after its establishment in 8 August 1967, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has successfully promoted economic, social, and political cohesiveness among its member states. One of the most prominent milestones is the formal inauguration of the ASEAN Community at the end of 2015, with its three pillars: (1) the ASEAN Political-Security Community, (2) the ASEAN Economic Community, and (3) the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. The blueprint of the ASEAN Community draws shared commitment, values, norms, and objectives to intensify further integration in the region. Notwithstanding all of the achievements at the institutional level, it is critical for the regional bloc to deliver more people-oriented and people-centered policies.

It is within that context that the Institute of International Studies, Department of International Relations at Universitas Gadjah Mada publishes this book. The book intends to address two main objectives. First, it is aimed to study the ways issue-specific cooperation alters ASEAN architectures. The selected chapters show how member states are willing to secure consensus on certain issues – ranging from resource management, environment, to human security – albeit ASEAN values such as non-interference and informality.

Second, as several chapters demonstrate, it highlights salient challenges faced by, as well as the limitation of, ASEAN in opening broader opportunity and participation from the community.

This publication is intended to be the first of the Institute’s series on Southeast Asian studies. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the editors and authors for their contribution. I hope this volume will provide readers with a glimpse of ASEAN trajectory and enrich the discourse on ASEAN beyond its 50 years of existence.

Nur Rachmat Yuliantoro
Head, Department of International Relations
Ex-officio Director, the Institute of International Studies
Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Foreword
Contents
Tables
Figures
Abbreviations
Introduction: Understanding the Dynamics of 50 Years of ASEAN Cooperation
     Dominant Mechanism in ASEAN
     Understanding ASEAN through Functional Cooperation
     The Structure of the Book
     References
Chapter 1 The Two-Level Games of Developing ASEAN Disaster Cooperation
     Introduction
     Literature Review and Methodology
Chapter 2 Institutionalizing Human Rights in ASEAN: The Peril of Doxic Subordination
     Introduction
     The References to Human Rights in ASEAN
Chapter 3 Governing Contagion: Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Medicalization of Insecurity in Southeast Asia
     Introduction
     ASEAN Cooperation on Infectious Diseases: Contending Approaches
Chapter 4 ASEAN Credo and the Defense and Security Cooperation
     Introduction
     Literature Review
Chapter 5 ASEAN’s Security Community Predicaments
     Introduction
Chapter 6 Understanding ASEAN Energy Governance: Opportunities and Challenges1
     Introduction
Chapter 7 Assessing the Origin of ASEAN Water Resources Management Cooperation: The Future of ASEAN Values
     Introduction
Chapter 8
     Introduction
Chapter 9 The Dynamics of the “ASEAN Way” in Regional Haze Cooperation and its Effect to Indonesia’s Domestic Change
     Introduction
Chapter 10 Understanding the Formation of ASEAN Economic Community from the Perspective of Constructivism
     Introduction
     The Failure of “Functionalism” in ASEAN
Index
Contributors